| > | | | | aims to produce more with less, thus using less |
| With the advent of the industrial revolution, working | | | | resources and raw materials and with minimum |
| methods radically changed. From the early years of | | | | wastage. The term lean production identifies a |
| the twentieth century, with the use of the assembly | | | | philosophy inspired by the industrial Toyota Production |
| line, modern society has changed completely, for good | | | | System, which aims to minimize waste to annul them. |
| or evil. | | | | Lean principles are for example: the elimination of |
| But in recent decades, these concepts have | | | | waste, specify precisely the value from the |
| undergone a major renovation, the old production | | | | perspective of the customer; clearly identify the |
| methods are no longer cheap, so new concepts and | | | | process that delivered value to the customer and |
| new methods have been created. Now the new | | | | eliminate steps that do not add value; produce the |
| methods are called Just in Time, Toyotism (or Toyota | | | | remaining steps that add value in a flow without |
| Production System), industrial automation, lean | | | | interruption by organizing the interfaces between |
| manufacturing and flexible manufacturing system | | | | different phases; let the customer to pull the process - |
| (FMS). These seem only names, but in fact have | | | | not to produce anything until there is a need, then |
| completely revolutionized the production processes in | | | | deliver that quickly; to pursue perfection through |
| factories and farms. The assembly line was based on | | | | continuous improvement. |
| the division of labor of the workers and the use of the | | | | The automation of factories has also allowed to |
| conveyor belt. The benefits that the industry took from | | | | function without the help of man, in an automatic |
| it, in terms of reduction of production time and cost | | | | machine tools through a computerized control and |
| savings were likely to push most of the industrial | | | | industrial robots for machining and handling of parts. |
| companies to employ this method, which takes its | | | | This process was then added to the flexible |
| name from its creator, Henry Ford . | | | | automation (FMS), a system capable of automatically |
| The just in time method is an industrial philosophy that | | | | producing different products. This type of electronic |
| has reversed the "old method" of producing finished | | | | design is one of the main characteristics of modern |
| goods for the warehouse waiting to be sold | | | | production systems. |
| (system-called "push") in the "pull" system for which | | | | These new methods are born from the need to adapt |
| only what has been sold or that we expect to sell | | | | to a new economic situation, especially after the oil |
| quickly should be produced. In this way, it is above all a | | | | crisis of the 70s. they have made the production more |
| policy of stock management, which aims to alleviate at | | | | lightweight and flexible and have increased the |
| most the stocks of raw materials and semi-finished | | | | efficiency, but new techniques and new designs are |
| goods needed for production. In this way, any type of | | | | already been experiencing. In short, there is no longer |
| industrial processing, such as editing, assembly, wave | | | | the factory with an assembly line, like in Charlie |
| soldering, fusion, are not carried out continuously, and | | | | Chaplin’s movies, it is a dinosaur of the past, |
| as much as possible, but only when there is need and | | | | now those buildings are in fact rediscovered by the |
| in the necessary amount. | | | | industrial archeology, memories of the recent past but |
| Toyotism, is a method of organizing production that | | | | not to forget though. |